Software Testing This article provides basic and advanced concepts of software testing. Software Testing: Verification and Validation; Error, Fault, Bug and Failure; Unit and Integration Testing; White-box and Black-box Testing; Basis Path Testing, Control Structure Testing, Deriving Test Cases, Alpha and Beta Testing; Regression Testing, Performance Testing, Stress Testing. Software Testing is the process of executing a program with the ...

Automata Theory - Formal Language In automata theory, a formal language is a set of strings of symbols drawn from afinite alphabet. A formal language can be specified either by a set of rules (such as regular expressions or acontext-free grammar) that generates the language, or by a formal machine that accepts (recognizes) the language. A formal machine takes strings ...

Cryptography Cryptography is a technique that converts plain text into an encrypted text. It is challenging for a third party to change the data while using cryptography. Cryptography ensures Security of the network Transparency in transactions Privacy of the individual users Why cryptography in Blockchain? The term "cryptography" refers to much more than simply the encryption and decoding process. Cryptography ...

Blockchain and its Significance Issues with Existing System Centralized power - All systems are being governed by a single, centralised government. Private Ledgers – Every system has its own private ledgers. Hacking/prone to corruption - The system is vulnerable to external hacking during the moment of reconciliation. Life without Intermediaries Suppose there were no middlemen involved in direct business-to-business or ...

Blockchain Frameworks After learning about blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies, let's examine the blockchain framework. Blockchain uses a consent method to time stamp and produce distributed ledger records. We might need to tailor the visibility of transactions to the various stakeholders based on industry requirements. Well-known Blockchain Frameworks Ethereum Hyperledger R3 Corda Ethereum Developers may create and deploy decentralised apps using ...

What is Cryptocurrency? As of now, we are aware that blockchain technology secures the network via cryptography. Cryptocurrency is a combination of cryptography and Currency Cryptocurrency is a type of digital money that, decentralised from any central authority, employs encryption methods to control the creation of currency units and verify the movement of cash. Example: Bitcoin, Ripple, Ethereum Bitcoin You ...

What is Tree Traversal? In a tree data structure, traversal refers to accessing nodes in a particular order. In a binary tree, each node can have a maximum of two other nodes. A well-known data structure is a binary tree. Additionally, there is a Binary Search tree (BST). There are several uses for this style of traversal. The level order ...

ER Symbols ER model stands for an Entity-Relationship model. It is a high-level data model. The ER model defines the conceptual view of a database. It works around real-world entities and the associations among them. SymbolsDescriptionEntityWeak EntityRelationshipIdentifying RelationshipAttributeKey AttributeMultivalued AttributeComposite AttributeDerived AttributeTotal participation of E2 in RCardinality Ratio 1:N 1E1 entity can be related to NE2 entityStructural Constraint (Min, Max) ...

COCOMO MODEL COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a regression model based on LOC ie (Lines of Code) It is cost estimate model for software projects & often used as process of reliably predicting various parameters associated with making a project such as size, effort, cost, time & quality . The key parameters which define the quality of any software products, ...

PYQ - UNIT IV DBMS Q1) Data Scrubbing is a process to upgrade the quality of data before it is moved into a data warehouse. Q2) The active data warehouse architecture includes which of the following: A) At least one data mart B) Data that can extracted from numerous internal & external sources C) Near Real-time updates D) All of ...